Iatrogenesis, or The Curious Case of Andy Warhol

A curious title for a serious article on why health care is considered by some to be the leading cause of death in America? Sure. But this is a curious subject.

Let me make this a bit more curious. I say “considered by some” only to keep us honest, to ensure that what follows sounds more informed than inflamed. But, truth be told – and that is our goal here – I know, and soon so will you, that health care is the leading cause of death in America.

Let’s go back in time a bit to, say, 400 B.C., when Hippocrates (aka, “the father of medicine”), the ancient Greek credited with making medicine a profession distinct from philosophy or theurgy (i.e., ritual and magic), may have first uttered the phrase primum non nocere – “first do no harm.” We have all heard of the Hippocratic Oath taken by physicians promising their strict adherence to the ethical practice of medicine (you might want to Google the full text), which includes the following assurance: “I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.”

(In 1964, Dr. Louis Lasagna, then Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, wrote a Modern Version of the oath, which is used in many schools today. See, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Lasagna#Revision_of_Hippocratic_oath)

OK. So far, so good. Now to the term Iatrogenesis, which derives from the Greek iadtros, meaning “healer.” Iatrogenesis literally means “brought forth by a healer.” In practical use, the term refers to any adverse effects or complications caused by or resulting from medical treatment or advice. It applies to actions taken not only by physicians, but by all healthcare professionals, including but not limited to, psychologists, pharmacists, therapists, nurses, dentists, et al. Iatrogenesis is equally applicable to conventional as well as complementary and alternative medicine.

The causes of Iatrogenesis include (but, again, are not limited to) error, negligence, the adverse effects or interactions of prescription drugs, overuse of drugs leading to antibiotic resistance, blood transfusions, poor prescription handwriting, and emotional distress from attributing transient personal problems to mental pathology.

The estimated number of annual deaths caused by Iatrogenesis in the U.S. varies from a low of about 240,000 to a high of nearly 784,000, making it either the #3 or #1 cause of death and injury in the U.S., behind or ahead of Heart Disease (about 700,000) and Cancer (about 554,000). Based on published research, most notably in the report “Death By Medicine” (Life Extension Magazine, March 2004, Dr. Gary Null, PhD; Dr. Carolyn Dean, MD, ND; Dr. Martin Feldman, MD; Dr. Debora Rasio, MD; and Dr. Dorothy Smith, MD) and Dr. Lucian L. Leape’s 1994 paper, “Error in Medicine,” published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), we firmly believe Iatrogenesis is the #1 killer, propagated by Big Pharma, the FDA, hospital boards, and the traditional medical establishment to promote and protect their obscene profit margins at the expense of your health, and all too often, your life.

Now to Andy Warhol

For the few people who don’t know the name, Andy Warhol (aka, “the father of Pop Art”) was one of the most influential artists of the 20^th Century. At the time of his death at age 58 in 1987, his estimated personal wealth was $150 million (or $350-400 million in 2009 dollars) – certainly enough to assure the best medical care possible. On February 20, 1987, Warhol entered the prestigious New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in New York City for a fairly routine removal of an inflamed gall bladder. On February 22, 1987, Warhol died of what Dr. Elliot M. Gross, the Chief Medical Examiner for New York City, termed “an unexplained death of a relatively young person in apparently good health.” (quoted in The New York Times, Feb. 23, 1987)

The August 1, 1987 New York Times further reported that

The New York State Health Department, in a report in April, was sharply critical of care Mr. Warhol was given from the time he was admitted to New York Hospital on Feb.20 until his death two days later. The department called Mr. Warhol’s treatment “inadequate” and said it had found scores of “deficiencies,” including failure to do proper tests before surgery and the failure to keep his medical chart accurately. . . . According to . . . [a] letter to Dr. Gross from the Manhattan District Attorney, Robert M. Morgenthau, the inability to determine the underlying cause of Mr. Warhol’s death was a result of several layers of uncertainty and ambiguity in the medical treatment that Mr. Warhol was given.”

A January 24, 1987 New York Times article by its Medical Correspondent, Lawrence K. Altman, M.D., “A Great Hospital in Crisis,” describes in depth a slew of other such cases as this “five-star” hospital, including the (ironic) 1986 death of Michael Gannon, a 39-year-old vice president of Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield, who after being examined in the emergency room by a resident who took no blood tests and diagnosed Mr. Gannon’s chest and left arm pains as muscular and bone problems, discharged him without consulting an attending physician. Gannon died of a heart attack that night at home.

Iatrogenesis strikes again… and again… and again… and again… and again……..

The above stories are by no means to suggest that the pandemic of “Death By Medicine” is limited to, or more important for, the rich and famous. They stress that in America, even money cannot buy adequate or life-preserving medical care. On the contrary, we quite possibly don’t have sufficient bandwidth to point out how this completely unnecessary plague, fueled by unmitigated greed and disregard for basic human life, touches the lives and financial well-being of every man, woman, and child in America – and increasingly worldwide.

Here are but a few of the myriad of horrifying annual statistics and estimates:

2.2 million adverse reactions to in-hospital prescribed drugs
7.5 million unnecessary medical and surgical procedures
8.9 million unnecessary hospitalizations
By some estimates, 783,936 deaths caused by conventional medicine
20 million unnecessary antibiotics prescribed for viral infections

In 1994, Dr. Lucian L. Leape published what has become the seminal Iatrogenic study, “Error in Medicine,” in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). With its publication, he opened medicine’s Pandora’s box and ensured that the problem could no longer be ignored. In it, he cited autopsy studies that showed 35-40% rates of misdiagnoses leading to death. He also calculated a 1% failure rate in intensive care units. To put that seemingly small number in perspective, a 0.1% failure rate in aviation would translate to 2 unsafe landings a day at Chicago’s O’Hare Airport; in the U.S. Postal Service, it would equal 16,000 pieces of lost mail every hour; and in the banking industry, it would mean 32,000 bank checks deducted from the wrong bank accounts.

At a 1997 press conference. Leape released a nationwide survey on Iatrogenesis conducted by the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF), which is sponsored by the American Medical Association (AMA).

The survey concluded that more than 100 million Americans have been affected by a medical mistake. Forty-two percent were affected directly and 84% knew of someone who had experienced medical mistake. At the same press conference, Dr. Leape updated his 1994 statistics, noting that as of 1997, inpatient medical errors nationwide could be as high as 3 million at a cost of $200 billion annually.

Let’s step back for a moment and digest these anecdotes and numbers.

It’s insane, isn’t it?

It’s completely insane that according to the “National Scorecard on U.S. Health System Performance, 2008” prepared by the respected Commonwealth Fund Commission, “Performance on measures of health system efficiency remains especially low, with the U.S. scoring 53 out of 100 on measures gauging inappropriate, wasteful, or fragmented care; avoidable hospitalizations; variation in quality and costs; administrative costs; and use of information technology.” In addition, the report concludes that “The U.S. fell to last place among 19 industrialized nations on mortality amenable to health care – deaths that might have been prevented with timely and effective care.” (For the full report, horrifying as it is, go to www.commonwealthfund.org)

Why?

Perhaps in a future article we will delve into the many, many causes behind the terrible reality of U.S. health care, but for right now, the causes can be summed up as follows:

PROFIT (the desired result)

GREED (the driving force)

CONTEMPT (the life blood)

The nexus of Big Pharma, health management (HMO) business, insurance carriers, and increasingly medical practitioners has so much opportunity to make such outlandish profit that unmitigated greed, rather than ethics (remember our friend Hippocrates), has become the engine of the health industry. With that has come a culture of contempt – contempt for the very life which this nexus is supposed to preserve and enhance – and acceptability of implicit or explicit error.

We know we are in big trouble when

the pharmaceutical industry now provides about half the FDA’s budget (this unholy alliance has substantially undermined one of the most significant accomplishments of Dr. Louis Lasagna (who wrote the Modern Hippocratic Oath) – that is, the requirement for controlled clinical trials as necessary for proving drug effectiveness as a condition for regulatory approval of a new drug which resulted in major improvements in the evidentiary standard in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry.”);

the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine accepts articles from journalists who accept money from drug companies (as of June 2002, because it was “too difficult” to find ones that did not);

the amount of (reported) money given by the drug industry to colleges and universities for research spiked from $292 million in 1981 to $2.1 billion in 1991;

Big Pharma spends over $2 billion annually on more than 314,000 events attended by doctors; and

Americans are bombarded by print, radio, television, and internet ads urging them to medicate their emotions, self-prescribe by mail order, or run to their doctors to demand medication for conditions they never knew existed.

As Dr. Marcia Angell, former editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, stated in her outgoing editorial, “When the boundaries between industry and academic medicine become as blurred as they are now, the business goals of industry influence the mission.”

Primum non nocere

P.S.

You may wonder what Iatrogenesis has to do with stem cells. The answer is that the system of “ethics” that drives medical profiteers to rationalize deliberate misinformation and deplorable practices that cost people their health and lives is the same set of principles that wrongly champions embryonic stem cells and disparages the real lifesavers, Repair Stem Cells. As long as Iatrogenesis is as rampant in stem cell research as it is in hospitals, a hundred thousand American heart patients, whose very lives can be improved and lengthened with Repair Stem Cells, die unnecessarily each year because selling pills to them and putting poisonous stents into them pay medical profiteers over a billion dollars a month.

PPS---Chalk one up for us little guys. Drug companies are responsible for their labels, not the FDA. This out just two days ago: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/washington/05scotus.html?_r=1&hp

# # #

Invitation to Our Readers:

We invite you to share your experiences with Iatrogenesis so that we can inform our readers, and hopefully the medical industry, of how widespread and personal this raging plague is.

Send your anecdotes to don@repairstemcells.org. Please limit your submissions to 500 words and include your name, age, and city only as backup. We will divulge age and gender only.

March 6, 2009	Special Edition
Contents Iatrogenesis Geron Marches On Science Advisory Board Kittipan V. Arom, MD, PhD, FACS, FACC, FACCP, FRCST Chairman of the S.A.B. President of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons of Thailand Minneapolis Heart Institute & Minneapolis Heart Institution Foundation, USA Founder and Past President Minnesota Society of Thoracic Surgeons, USA Shimon Slavin, MD Professor of Medicine Medical & Scientific Director International Center for Cell Therapy & Cancer (ICTC) Tel Aviv Medical Center Carlos Lima, MD Senior Consultant Neuropathology Hospital Egas Moniz, Portugal Roberto Jorge Fernandez Viña, MD Honorary Professor University Maimonides Argentina Honorary Professor University of Beijing, China Zannos G. Grekos, MD Director of Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Regenocyte Theraputic Assistant Clinical Professor of Cardiology, Nova Southeastern University Don Margolis Founder and Chairman don@repairstemcells.org US CONTACTS Phone +1 214 566 6377 Toll Free Fax USA 1 877 276 9948 www.RepairStemCells.org Dallas, TX Bangkok, Thailand Don Linder Editor Phyllis Freeman Art Director	Iatrogenesis, or The Curious Case of Andy Warhol A curious title for a serious article on why health care is considered by some to be the leading cause of death in America? Sure. But this is a curious subject. Let me make this a bit more curious. I say “considered by some” only to keep us honest, to ensure that what follows sounds more informed than inflamed. But, truth be told – and that is our goal here – I know, and soon so will you, that health care is the leading cause of death in America. Let’s go back in time a bit to, say, 400 B.C., when Hippocrates (aka, “the father of medicine”), the ancient Greek credited with making medicine a profession distinct from philosophy or theurgy (i.e., ritual and magic), may have first uttered the phrase primum non nocere – “first do no harm.” We have all heard of the Hippocratic Oath taken by physicians promising their strict adherence to the ethical practice of medicine (you might want to Google the full text), which includes the following assurance: “I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.” (In 1964, Dr. Louis Lasagna, then Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, wrote a Modern Version of the oath, which is used in many schools today. See, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Lasagna#Revision_of_Hippocratic_oath) OK. So far, so good. Now to the term Iatrogenesis, which derives from the Greek iadtros, meaning “healer.” Iatrogenesis literally means “brought forth by a healer.” In practical use, the term refers to any adverse effects or complications caused by or resulting from medical treatment or advice. It applies to actions taken not only by physicians, but by all healthcare professionals, including but not limited to, psychologists, pharmacists, therapists, nurses, dentists, et al. Iatrogenesis is equally applicable to conventional as well as complementary and alternative medicine. The causes of Iatrogenesis include (but, again, are not limited to) error, negligence, the adverse effects or interactions of prescription drugs, overuse of drugs leading to antibiotic resistance, blood transfusions, poor prescription handwriting, and emotional distress from attributing transient personal problems to mental pathology. The estimated number of annual deaths caused by Iatrogenesis in the U.S. varies from a low of about 240,000 to a high of nearly 784,000, making it either the #3 or #1 cause of death and injury in the U.S., behind or ahead of Heart Disease (about 700,000) and Cancer (about 554,000). Based on published research, most notably in the report “Death By Medicine” (Life Extension Magazine, March 2004, Dr. Gary Null, PhD; Dr. Carolyn Dean, MD, ND; Dr. Martin Feldman, MD; Dr. Debora Rasio, MD; and Dr. Dorothy Smith, MD) and Dr. Lucian L. Leape’s 1994 paper, “Error in Medicine,” published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), we firmly believe Iatrogenesis is the #1 killer, propagated by Big Pharma, the FDA, hospital boards, and the traditional medical establishment to promote and protect their obscene profit margins at the expense of your health, and all too often, your life. Now to Andy Warhol For the few people who don’t know the name, Andy Warhol (aka, “the father of Pop Art”) was one of the most influential artists of the 20^th Century. At the time of his death at age 58 in 1987, his estimated personal wealth was $150 million (or $350-400 million in 2009 dollars) – certainly enough to assure the best medical care possible. On February 20, 1987, Warhol entered the prestigious New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in New York City for a fairly routine removal of an inflamed gall bladder. On February 22, 1987, Warhol died of what Dr. Elliot M. Gross, the Chief Medical Examiner for New York City, termed “an unexplained death of a relatively young person in apparently good health.” (quoted in The New York Times, Feb. 23, 1987) The August 1, 1987 New York Times further reported that The New York State Health Department, in a report in April, was sharply critical of care Mr. Warhol was given from the time he was admitted to New York Hospital on Feb.20 until his death two days later. The department called Mr. Warhol’s treatment “inadequate” and said it had found scores of “deficiencies,” including failure to do proper tests before surgery and the failure to keep his medical chart accurately. . . . According to . . . [a] letter to Dr. Gross from the Manhattan District Attorney, Robert M. Morgenthau, the inability to determine the underlying cause of Mr. Warhol’s death was a result of several layers of uncertainty and ambiguity in the medical treatment that Mr. Warhol was given.” A January 24, 1987 New York Times article by its Medical Correspondent, Lawrence K. Altman, M.D., “A Great Hospital in Crisis,” describes in depth a slew of other such cases as this “five-star” hospital, including the (ironic) 1986 death of Michael Gannon, a 39-year-old vice president of Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield, who after being examined in the emergency room by a resident who took no blood tests and diagnosed Mr. Gannon’s chest and left arm pains as muscular and bone problems, discharged him without consulting an attending physician. Gannon died of a heart attack that night at home. Iatrogenesis strikes again… and again… and again… and again… and again…….. The above stories are by no means to suggest that the pandemic of “Death By Medicine” is limited to, or more important for, the rich and famous. They stress that in America, even money cannot buy adequate or life-preserving medical care. On the contrary, we quite possibly don’t have sufficient bandwidth to point out how this completely unnecessary plague, fueled by unmitigated greed and disregard for basic human life, touches the lives and financial well-being of every man, woman, and child in America – and increasingly worldwide. Here are but a few of the myriad of horrifying annual statistics and estimates: 2.2 million adverse reactions to in-hospital prescribed drugs 7.5 million unnecessary medical and surgical procedures 8.9 million unnecessary hospitalizations By some estimates, 783,936 deaths caused by conventional medicine 20 million unnecessary antibiotics prescribed for viral infections In 1994, Dr. Lucian L. Leape published what has become the seminal Iatrogenic study, “Error in Medicine,” in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). With its publication, he opened medicine’s Pandora’s box and ensured that the problem could no longer be ignored. In it, he cited autopsy studies that showed 35-40% rates of misdiagnoses leading to death. He also calculated a 1% failure rate in intensive care units. To put that seemingly small number in perspective, a 0.1% failure rate in aviation would translate to 2 unsafe landings a day at Chicago’s O’Hare Airport; in the U.S. Postal Service, it would equal 16,000 pieces of lost mail every hour; and in the banking industry, it would mean 32,000 bank checks deducted from the wrong bank accounts. At a 1997 press conference. Leape released a nationwide survey on Iatrogenesis conducted by the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF), which is sponsored by the American Medical Association (AMA). The survey concluded that more than 100 million Americans have been affected by a medical mistake. Forty-two percent were affected directly and 84% knew of someone who had experienced medical mistake. At the same press conference, Dr. Leape updated his 1994 statistics, noting that as of 1997, inpatient medical errors nationwide could be as high as 3 million at a cost of $200 billion annually. Let’s step back for a moment and digest these anecdotes and numbers. It’s insane, isn’t it? It’s completely insane that according to the “National Scorecard on U.S. Health System Performance, 2008” prepared by the respected Commonwealth Fund Commission, “Performance on measures of health system efficiency remains especially low, with the U.S. scoring 53 out of 100 on measures gauging inappropriate, wasteful, or fragmented care; avoidable hospitalizations; variation in quality and costs; administrative costs; and use of information technology.” In addition, the report concludes that “The U.S. fell to last place among 19 industrialized nations on mortality amenable to health care – deaths that might have been prevented with timely and effective care.” (For the full report, horrifying as it is, go to www.commonwealthfund.org) Why? Perhaps in a future article we will delve into the many, many causes behind the terrible reality of U.S. health care, but for right now, the causes can be summed up as follows: PROFIT (the desired result) GREED (the driving force) CONTEMPT (the life blood) The nexus of Big Pharma, health management (HMO) business, insurance carriers, and increasingly medical practitioners has so much opportunity to make such outlandish profit that unmitigated greed, rather than ethics (remember our friend Hippocrates), has become the engine of the health industry. With that has come a culture of contempt – contempt for the very life which this nexus is supposed to preserve and enhance – and acceptability of implicit or explicit error. We know we are in big trouble when the pharmaceutical industry now provides about half the FDA’s budget (this unholy alliance has substantially undermined one of the most significant accomplishments of Dr. Louis Lasagna (who wrote the Modern Hippocratic Oath) – that is, the requirement for controlled clinical trials as necessary for proving drug effectiveness as a condition for regulatory approval of a new drug which resulted in major improvements in the evidentiary standard in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry.”); the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine accepts articles from journalists who accept money from drug companies (as of June 2002, because it was “too difficult” to find ones that did not); the amount of (reported) money given by the drug industry to colleges and universities for research spiked from $292 million in 1981 to $2.1 billion in 1991; Big Pharma spends over $2 billion annually on more than 314,000 events attended by doctors; and Americans are bombarded by print, radio, television, and internet ads urging them to medicate their emotions, self-prescribe by mail order, or run to their doctors to demand medication for conditions they never knew existed. As Dr. Marcia Angell, former editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, stated in her outgoing editorial, “When the boundaries between industry and academic medicine become as blurred as they are now, the business goals of industry influence the mission.” *Primum non nocere* P.S. You may wonder what Iatrogenesis has to do with stem cells. The answer is that the system of “ethics” that drives medical profiteers to rationalize deliberate misinformation and deplorable practices that cost people their health and lives is the same set of principles that wrongly champions embryonic stem cells and disparages the real lifesavers, Repair Stem Cells. As long as Iatrogenesis is as rampant in stem cell research as it is in hospitals, a hundred thousand American heart patients, whose very lives can be improved and lengthened with Repair Stem Cells, die unnecessarily each year because selling pills to them and putting poisonous stents into them pay medical profiteers over a billion dollars a month. DM PPS---Chalk one up for us little guys. Drug companies are responsible for their labels, not the FDA. This out just two days ago: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/washington/05scotus.html?_r=1&hp # # # Invitation to Our Readers: We invite you to share your experiences with Iatrogenesis so that we can inform our readers, and hopefully the medical industry, of how widespread and personal this raging plague is. Send your anecdotes to don@repairstemcells.org. Please limit your submissions to 500 words and include your name, age, and city only as backup. We will divulge age and gender only.
GERON MARCHES ON Most of what follows is extracted from earlier RSCI Newsletters, but since our subscriber list has almost doubled since the first issue, we are repeating just so we can lead into the “Paul Harvey” conclusion. When the 100% pro-embryonic major media in America made a big bang over a stock-manipulating company pretending it can actually help Spinal Cord Injury patients in an FDA-approved clinical trial, Don Margolis, THAT DAY, said "Many will profit from this public relations event, but the patients and the taxpayers will lose mightily!" He should have added that the Wall Street’s suckers who buy Geron at these inflated prices will lose mightily. Don’s openly-stated opinion was that the whole thing was PR hype to push up Geron’s stock price and that the trial will not be allowed by the super-powerful embryonic lobby. A half- hour’s research would enlighten those dozens of gung-ho supposed reporters that the true purpose of the announcement was to pump up the stock’s price over 35%. After all, between 2004 and 2008, Geron had pulled this trick ten times, but this time they had Wall Street and the FDA making the scam appear real. The REAL first human stem cell trial for Spinal Cord Injury was held seven years ago in Portugal by a REAL scientific leader in stem cell therapy, not by some stock-manipulating company in California specializing in public relations hype and little more. For a listed company to cynically manipulate stock prices and raise the hopes of sufferers as Geron does regularly, might be considered a bit unethical.” Mr. Margolis concluded. AS PAUL HARVEY MIGHT SAY---FOR THE REST OF THE STORY: Geron’s stock shot up 35% to $8.50. Then those nice honest dealers on Wall Street we’ve learned so much about the past six months found $43million dollars worth of sucker money to buy Geron stock at HOORAY—A 14% DISCOUNT off the last closing price. The suckers bought about 7.5 million shares of a stock which had just closed at $7.77. Their bargain price was $6.60 and, for all intents and purposes the scam was over. Those that bought at $7 to $8.50 woke up to find their $7.77 stock was only worth $6.60. Four trading days later, even the discount buyers were down one dollar a share at $5.60; and it took another six trading days to get them down to $4.60. At the end of last week, Geron stock was below where it was before the FDA approval was announced. Even the discount buyers were down 30%! And THAT, Dear Reader, is how things work when a science based on lies and hype hooks up with Wall Street. At least those that read our Newsletter couldn’t have been roped on that one. Please note that all this happened BEFORE this week’s worldwide stock market slump. But the media in America cares not a whit about patients and lies to them by pretending that great doctors around the world haven’t already improved the lives of about one thousand spinal cord patients with RSC. That is news. Embryonics is hype to push up stock prices and grab your tax dollars. Now you know that whatever you read in your American print media, if it is about stem cells, it is not intended to help you.
We hope you enjoyed this newsletter. For more good stem cell success stories, please visit my Adult Stem Cell Research blog Thank you all very much for continuing to visit our websites- Don
Tel. +66 2207 2675 Fax +66 2207 2626 Mob +66 81 171 9794 USA Direct Line: +1 214 556 6377 Toll Free Fax USA: +1 877 277 9948	Don Margolis, Chairman The Repair Stem Cell Institute Bangkok & Dallas Level 29 The Offices at Central world 999/9 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330, Thailand
www.repairstemcells.org The Voice of Stem Cell Science
LEGAL DISCLAIMER This Newsletter is for educational purposes only and not to be taken as medical advice. For the names of the Treatment Centers and their expert stem cell doctors qualified enough to make our list (less than 7% of the world's stem cell treatment centers), go to www.repairstemcells.org/Treatment-Centers. We provide the contact information; the doctors provide the medical advice.

RSCI Newsletter

Special Edition

Contents Iatrogenesis Geron Marches On

Science Advisory Board

Now to Andy Warhol

Contents

Iatrogenesis

Geron Marches On